Dinah Washington

Dinah Washington (born Ruth Lee Jones; August 29, 1924 – December 14,

1963), was an American singer and pianist, who has been cited as "the most

popular black female recording artist of the '50s". Primarily a jazz vocalist,

she performed and recorded in a wide variety of styles including blues, R&B,

and traditional pop music, and gave herself the title of "Queen of the Blues".

She was a 1986 inductee of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame,

Life and career

portrait of Dina Washington, 1952

Ruth Lee Jones was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and moved to Chicago as

a child. She became deeply involved in gospel and played piano for the choir

in St. Luke's Baptist Church while still in elementary school. She sang gospel

music in church and played piano, directing her church choir in her teens and

being a member of the Sallie Martin Gospel Singers. She sang lead with the

first female gospel singers formed by Ms. Martin, who was co-founder of the

Gospel Singers Convention.

Her involvement with the gospel choir occurred after she won an amateur contest at Chicago's Regal Theater where she sang,

 "I Can't Face the Music".

After winning a talent contest at the age of 15, she began performing in clubs. By 1941-42 she was performing in such Chicago clubs as Dave's

Rhumboogie and the Downbeat Room of the Sherman Hotel (with Fats Waller). She was playing at the Three Deuces, a jazz club, when a friend

took her to hear Billie Holiday at the Garrick Stage Bar. Club owner Joe Sherman was so impressed with her singing of "I Understand", backed by

the Cats and the Fiddle, who were appearing in the Garrick's upstairs room, that he hired her. During her year at the Garrick - she sang upstairs

while Holiday performed in the downstairs room - she acquired the name by which she became known. She credited Joe Sherman with suggesting

the change from Ruth Jones, made before Lionel Hampton came to hear Dinah at the Garrick Hampton's visit brought an offer, and Washington

worked as his female band vocalist after she had sung with the band for its opening at the Chicago Regal Theatre.

She made her recording debut for the Keynote label that December with "Evil Gal Blues", written by Leonard Feather and backed by Hampton and

musicians from his band, includingJoe Morris (trumpet) and Milt Buckner (piano).[1][5][6] Both that record and its follow-up, "Salty Papa Blues",

made Billboard's "Harlem Hit Parade" in 1944.

She stayed with Hampton's band until 1946 and, after the Keynote label folded, signed for Mercury Records as a solo singer. Her first record for

Mercury, a version of Fats Waller's "Ain't Misbehavin'", was another hit, starting a long string of success. Between 1948 and 1955, she had 27 R&B

top ten hits, making her one of the most popular and successful singers of the period. Both "Am I Asking Too Much" (1948) and "Baby Get Lost"

(1949) reached Number 1 on the R&B chart, and her version of "I Wanna Be Loved" (1950) crossed over to reach Number 22 on the US pop chart.

[7] Her hit recordings included blues, standards, novelties, pop covers, and even a version of Hank Williams' "Cold, Cold Heart" (R&B Number 3,

1951). At the same time as her biggest popular success, she also recorded sessions with many leading jazz musicians, including Clifford Brown and

Clark Terry on the album Dinah Jams (1954), and also recorded with Cannonball Adderley and Ben Webster. In 1959, she had her first top ten pop

hit, with a version of "What a Diff'rence a Day Made",[8] which made Number 4 on the US pop chart. Her band at that time included

arrangerBelford Hendricks, with Kenny Burrell (guitar), Joe Zawinul (piano), and Panama Francis (drums). She followed it up with a version of

Irving Gordon's "Unforgettable", and then two highly successful duets in 1960 with Brook Benton, "Baby (You've Got What It Takes)" (No. 5 Pop, No.

1 R&B) and "A Rockin' Good Way (To Mess Around and Fall in Love)" (No. 7 Pop, No. 1 R&B). Her last big hit was "September in the Rain" in 1961

(No. 23 Pop, No. 5 R&B)

According to Richard S. Ginell at AllMusic:

"[Washington] was at once one of the most beloved and controversial singers of the mid-20th century - beloved to her fans, devotees, and fellow

singers; controversial to critics who still accuse her of selling out her art to commerce and bad taste. Her principal sin, apparently, was to cultivate

a distinctive vocal style that was at home in all kinds of music, be it R&B, blues, jazz, middle of the road pop - and she probably would have made

a fine gospel or country singer had she the time. Hers was a gritty, salty, high-pitched voice, marked by absolute clarity of diction and clipped,

bluesy phrasing..."

Washington was well known for singing torch songs.[9] In 1962, Dinah hired a male backing trio called the Allegros, consisting of Jimmy Thomas on

drums, Earl Edwards on sax, and Jimmy Sigler on organ. Edwards was eventually replaced on sax by John Payne. A Variety writer praised their

vocals as "effective choruses".

Washington's achievements included appearances at the Newport Jazz Festival (1955–59), the Randalls Island Jazz Festival in New York City (1959),

and the International Jazz Festival in Washington D.C. (1962), frequent gigs at Birdland (1958, 1961–62), and performances in 1963 with Count

Basie and Duke Ellington.

Death

Early on the morning of December 14, 1963, Washington's seventh husband, football great Dick "Night Train" Lane, went to sleep with his wife, and

awoke later to find her slumped over and not responsive. Doctor B. C. Ross came to the scene to pronounce her dead.[4] An autopsy later showed

a lethal combination of secobarbital and amobarbital, which contributed to her death at the age of 39. She is buried in the Burr Oak Cemetery in

Alsip, Illinois.

] and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.